Glucocorticoids

Definition

Glucocorticoids are a type of hormone produced by the adrenal glands that play a crucial role in regulating metabolism, reducing inflammation, and helping the body respond to stress.

Scientific / Technical Definition

Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones characterized by their ability to bind to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a type of nuclear receptor that regulates gene transcription in a variety of tissues. They are involved in many physiological processes, including carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism, immune response modulation, and maintenance of homeostasis during stress. Common glucocorticoids include cortisol in humans and corticosterone in rodents.

Benefits

• Help manage stress by regulating the body's fight-or-flight response.
• Reduce inflammation and are used in treating conditions like asthma and arthritis.
• Regulate metabolism and can influence how the body uses carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Examples

• Cortisol, which is naturally produced by humans.
• Synthetic glucocorticoids like prednisone used in medications.

Additional Information

• Side effects: Excessive levels or prolonged use of glucocorticoids can lead to side effects such as weight gain, high blood pressure, osteoporosis, and mood swings.

Related Terms

• Cortisol

References

• Glucocorticoids: Their Role in the Human Body
• Effects of Glucocorticoids on Health: Insights into Their Mechanisms