Biological Clock

Definition

A biological clock is an internal clock in your body that helps regulate sleep-wake cycles and other important bodily functions in a roughly 24-hour cycle, known as the circadian rhythm.

Scientific / Technical Definition

The biological clock, or circadian clock, is a complex, molecular signaling system present in nearly all organisms, driven largely by an internal timing system. It is primarily governed by the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus of the brain, coordinating the timing of various physiological processes such as the sleep-wake cycle, hormone release, eating habits, and body temperature regulation in a 24-hour period.

Benefits

• Helps regulate sleep patterns, contributing to restful and restorative sleep.
• Coordinates hormone production and release, influencing mood, energy levels, and metabolism.
• Contributes to overall immune function by synchronizing body processes to an optimal schedule.
• Improves mental alertness and cognitive efficiency by aligning with natural cycles of day and night.

Examples

• Maintaining regular sleep and wake times to align with your natural circadian rhythm.
• Adjusting to new time zones or daylight saving time gradually to help reset your biological clock.

Additional Information

• Effects: This internal clock influences not only when we feel sleepy or alert, but also affects digestion, body temperature, blood pressure, and other critical bodily functions.

Related Terms

• Circadian Rhythm
• Sleep Cycle
• Melatonin
• Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

References

• Understanding Circadian Rhythms: The Biology of the Body's Clock
• How the Body Clock Works – Wellcome Trust