Caffeine Metabolism

Definition

Caffeine metabolism refers to how caffeine is processed and broken down in the body, affecting how long its effects last.

Scientific / Technical Definition

Caffeine metabolism is primarily carried out by the cytochrome P450 1A2 enzyme in the liver, converting caffeine into three primary metabolites: paraxanthine, theobromine, and theophylline. This process can vary depending on genetic factors, age, pregnancy status, and other individual differences.

Benefits

• Caffeine can enhance alertness and concentration.
• It may improve physical performance and reduce perceived fatigue.
• Caffeine has been linked to a lower risk of certain diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.

Examples

• Coffee
• Tea
• Energy drinks
• Chocolate

Additional Information

• Side effects: Consuming too much caffeine can lead to insomnia, jitteriness, increased heart rate, and elevated blood pressure. During pregnancy, excessive caffeine intake is associated with risks such as miscarriage and low birth weight.

Related Terms

• Caffeine Sensitivity
• Cytochrome P450
• Pregnancy Nutrition

References

• Caffeine: Effects, Metabolism, and Risks
• Caffeine Consumption in Pregnancy