Neural Tube Defects

Definition

Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) are birth defects that occur when the spine and brain do not develop properly in a fetus, often due to a lack of folic acid during pregnancy.

Scientific / Technical Definition

Neural Tube Defects are a group of congenital malformations resulting from the failure of the neural tube to close completely during the first few weeks of embryonic development. This defect in closure can lead to conditions such as spina bifida, anencephaly, and encephalocele. The etiology is often linked to genetic and environmental factors, with folate deficiency being a significant risk factor.

Benefits

• Prevention through adequate folic acid intake can reduce the risk of having a baby with NTDs.
• Early detection via prenatal screening can allow for medical interventions.
• Understanding of NTDs fosters better pregnancy planning and risk management.

Examples

• Spina bifida
• Anencephaly
• Folic acid supplementation in pregnancy

Additional Information

• Importance: Proper intake of folic acid before and during early pregnancy is crucial to prevent the occurrence of neural tube defects. Women planning to become pregnant are advised to take 400 micrograms of folic acid daily to support healthy fetal development.

Related Terms

• Folic Acid

References

• Neural Tube Defects: Overview and Epidemiology
• Folic Acid Supplementation and the Prevention of Birth Defects