Biodiversity

Definition

Biodiversity refers to the variety of all living organisms in a specific area, including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, and their genetic differences. In the context of food, it encompasses the different crops and livestock species that contribute to food security.

Scientific / Technical Definition

Biodiversity is the variability among living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are a part. This includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems. In agriculture, biodiversity involves the spectrum of genetic resources utilized for food and agriculture, along with ecosystem services that sustain their production.

Benefits

• Enhances food security by allowing more diverse food production.
• Ensures ecosystem services such as pollination and nutrient cycling.
• Promotes resilience to pests and diseases.
• Supports culturally significant food customs and traditions.

Examples

• An agriculture system with multiple crop varieties like heirloom tomatoes, diverse beans, and ancient grains.
• Incorporating traditional livestock species such as heritage breeds of chickens or pigs.

Additional Information

• Importance: Biodiversity in food systems is important for ensuring resources are available for future generations and for maintaining the health of ecosystems that support human life.

Related Terms

• GMO
• Non-GMO Foods
• Agrobiodiversity
• Ecosystem Services

References

• Biodiversity and Food Security
• Importance of Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture