Transcription

Definition

Transcription is the process where genetic information from DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA), preparing for protein synthesis.

Scientific / Technical Definition

Transcription is the first step of gene expression wherein a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase. This process is essential for the synthesis of proteins and the regulation of genes necessary for maintaining cellular function.

Benefits

• Allows for the production of proteins necessary for muscle growth and repair.
• Enables cells to respond to changes in the environment by quickly expressing needed proteins.
• Is crucial for the regulation of genes and maintaining gene expression profiles in different tissues.

Examples

• Muscle cells during exercise adapt by increasing transcription rates for proteins involved in muscle growth.
• Liver cells produce transcripts for enzymes involved in detoxification and metabolism after nutrient intake.

Additional Information

• Importance: This process is critical for the synthesis of all proteins required for cellular function and for the differentiation and growth of tissues, such as muscle growth in response to exercise.

Related Terms

• Translation
• RNA Polymerase
• Gene Expression
• Messenger RNA
• Protein Synthesis

References

• The Cellular Role of Transcription and Translation
• The Role of Gene Transcription in Muscle Hypertrophy