Cytokines

Definition

Cytokines are proteins that play a vital role in helping the cells of the immune system communicate with each other. They are crucial for the body's response to infections and injuries.

Scientific / Technical Definition

Cytokines are a broad category of small proteins (~5–20 kDa) that are important in cell signaling within the immune system. They are released by cells, primarily those in the immune system, and impact the behavior of other cells, often regulating the intensity and duration of immune responses by acting as signaling molecules.

Benefits

• Regulate immune system responses
• Facilitate cell communication during immune responses
• Help in the development and functioning of both innate and adaptive immune responses
• Aid in healing and tissue repair

Examples

• Interleukins (IL)
• Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
• Interferons (IFN)
• Chemokines

Additional Information

• effects: Cytokines influence the balance between humoral and cell-based immune responses, regulate the maturation, growth, and responsiveness of particular cell populations, and can provoke cell signaling through the activation of cytokine receptors. Excessive levels of cytokines can lead to a cytokine storm, which is a potentially severe and life-threatening immune response.

Related Terms

• Inflammation
• Immune System
• Interleukins
• Chemokines

References

• The Role of Cytokines in Immune Response
• Cytokine Regulation and Function