G Protein-Coupled Receptors

Definition

G Protein-Coupled Receptors are a large family of cell surface receptors that respond to various external signals, and are involved in many physiological processes.

Scientific / Technical Definition

G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are a diverse group of membrane proteins that detect molecules outside the cell and activate internal signal transduction pathways and cellular responses. They play a key role in transmitting signals from hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling factors.

Benefits

• Regulates essential bodily functions including vision, taste, smell, and immune response.
• Involved in the regulation of mood and anxiety through neurotransmitter signaling.
• Supports healthy embryonic development and normal pregnancy processes.

Examples

• Beta-adrenergic receptors that respond to adrenaline in stress responses.
• Olfactory receptors responsible for the sense of smell.

Additional Information

• Importance: GPCRs are crucial for maintaining homeostasis and are targets for a large proportion of pharmacological agents.

Related Terms

• Cell Signaling
• Hormones
• Neurotransmitters

References

• G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Structure–Function–Mechanisms
• G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Drug Discovery