Methylation

Definition

Methylation is a process in the body where a small molecule called a methyl group is added to other molecules, affecting how they work. It plays a crucial role in many bodily functions, including DNA repair and the functioning of the nervous and immune systems.

Scientific / Technical Definition

Methylation is a biochemical process involving the transfer of a methyl group (CH3) to an organic compound, often facilitated by enzymes such as DNA methyltransferases. This epigenetic mechanism regulates gene expression, maintains DNA integrity, and is essential for critical processes such as embryonic development, protein function, and the metabolism of the body’s chemical compounds.

Benefits

• Supports DNA repair and synthesis
• Assists in the regulation of gene expression
• Plays a role in detoxification processes
• Supports neurotransmitter production
• Helps lower homocysteine levels, which is important for heart health

Examples

• Dark leafy greens such as spinach and kale
• Cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and Brussels sprouts
• Legumes like beans and lentils
• Beetroots
• Whole grains like quinoa and brown rice

Additional Information

• Importance: This process is particularly important during pregnancy and lactation as it affects fetal development, impacts gene expression for future growth and functioning, and supports the increased nutritional needs during these stages.

Related Terms

• Folate

References

• The Role of Methylation in Health
• Methylation pathways in mammalian genomic imprinting