Beta-Oxidation

Definition

Beta-Oxidation is the process by which fatty acids are broken down in the mitochondria to generate energy in the form of ATP.

Scientific / Technical Definition

Beta-Oxidation is a metabolic sequence in which fatty acid molecules are disassembled in mitochondrial matrices through multiple enzymatic reactions. This process involves the removal of two-carbon fragments in the form of acetyl-CoA, which enters the Krebs cycle to produce ATP. Each cycle of beta-oxidation shortens the fatty acid chain and produces one molecule each of NADH and FADH2, which feed into the electron transport chain.

Benefits

• Provides a significant source of energy, especially during prolonged physical activity or periods of fasting.
• Supports metabolism and energy balance by breaking down fatty acids.
• Helps in maintaining healthy body weight by utilizing stored fats.

Examples

• Animal fats and vegetable oils, once consumed, are converted into fatty acids and undergo beta-oxidation.
• Fats stored in adipose tissues serve as sources that undergo beta-oxidation during energy demand.

Additional Information

• Importance: Beta-Oxidation is crucial for energy production from fats, allowing organisms to utilize stored fat efficiently, especially in low-carbohydrate states like fasting or a ketogenic diet.

Related Terms

• Fatty Acid
• Mitochondria
• Acetyl-CoA
• Krebs Cycle
• ATP
• NADH
• FADH2

References

• The Biochemistry of Beta-Oxidation
• Fatty Acid Metabolism