Ketogenesis

Definition

Ketogenesis is the process by which the body produces ketone bodies from fatty acids to be used as an alternative energy source when glucose levels are low.

Scientific / Technical Definition

Ketogenesis is a metabolic pathway that occurs in the liver, where acetyl-CoA derived from beta-oxidation of fatty acids is converted into ketone bodies, primarily acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate. This process provides energy, particularly during periods of fasting, carbohydrate-restricted diets, or intense exercise, when glycolysis is minimized due to low availability of glucose.

Benefits

• Provides an alternative energy source during fasting or low carbohydrate intake.
• May aid in weight loss through increased fat burning.
• Can enhance cognitive function by supplying the brain with ketones.
• May help manage epilepsy by stabilizing neuronal activity.

Examples

• Low-carb, high-fat diets that promote ketogenesis such as the ketogenic diet.
• Fasting states where insulin levels are low, prompting the body to use stored fats.

Additional Information

• Side effects: Potential side effects of prolonged ketogenesis include nutrient deficiencies, liver strain, and an imbalance in electrolyte levels.

Related Terms

• Ketoacidosis
• Ketone Bodies
• Beta-Oxidation
• Ketogenic Diet
• Acetyl-CoA

References

• The metabolic basis of ketogenic diets: Recent insights
• Ketoacidosis and ketogenesis: Physiology and pathophysiology