Insulin

Definition

Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.

Scientific / Technical Definition

Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets. It is central to carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin facilitates the absorption of glucose from the blood into liver, fat, and skeletal muscle cells, and is critical for maintaining normal blood glucose levels.

Benefits

• Helps control blood sugar levels
• Supports cellular uptake of glucose
• Aids in energy storage in the form of glycogen
• Plays a role in fat metabolism
• Supports protein synthesis

Examples

• Endogenously produced insulin in the pancreas
• Insulin injections for diabetes management

Additional Information

• Importance: Insulin is crucial for maintaining energy balance and is particularly important in the medical management of diabetes.

Related Terms

• Glucose
• Beta cells
• Diabetes
• Pancreas
• Glucagon

References

• The Role of Insulin in the Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis
• Insulin action and the control of blood sugar levels